Collaborative Robot Market with COVID-19 Impact Analysis, Component, Payload (Up to 5 Kg, 5-10 Kg, and Above 10 Kg), Application (Handling, Processing), Industry (Automotive, Furniture & Equipment), and Region - Global Forecast to 2027

Table of Contents

1.... INTRODUCTION

1.1             STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.2             DEFINITION AND SCOPE
1.2.1              INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
1.3             STUDY SCOPE
・       FIGURE 1........ SEGMENTATION OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
1.3.1              YEARS CONSIDERED.. 41
1.4             CURRENCY AND PRICING UNITS
1.5             VOLUME UNIT CONSIDERED
1.6             STAKEHOLDERS
1.7             SUMMARY OF CHANGES

2.... RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1             RESEARCH DATA
・       FIGURE 2...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT (COBOT) MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN
2.1.1              SECONDARY DATA
2.1.1.1            MAJOR SECONDARY SOURCES
2.1.1.2            KEY DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCES
2.1.2              PRIMARY DATA
2.1.2.1            KEY DATA FROM PRIMARY SOURCES
2.1.2.2            BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARIES
2.1.3              SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH
2.1.4              KEY INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
2.2             MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
2.2.1              BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
・       FIGURE 3. MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY [APPROACH 1–BOTTOM-UP (DEMAND SIDE)]: DEMAND FOR COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS IN THE US
・       FIGURE 4. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
2.2.2              TOP-DOWN APPROACH.. 50
・       FIGURE 5... MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY [APPROACH 2 (SUPPLY SIDE)]: REVENUE GENERATED FROM PRODUCTS IN THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
・       FIGURE 6... MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY [APPROACH 2 (SUPPLY SIDE)]: ILLUSTRATION OF REVENUE ESTIMATION FOR ONE COMPANY IN THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
・       FIGURE 7.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET: TOP-DOWN APPROACH
2.2.3              MARKET PROJECTIONS
・       TABLE 1.................................. MARKET GROWTH ASSUMPTIONS
2.3             MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
・       FIGURE 8............................................... DATA TRIANGULATION
2.4             RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS.. 55
2.4.1              ASSUMPTIONS
2.5             LIMITATIONS
2.6             RISK ASSESSMENT

3.... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

・       FIGURE 9............................ GLOBAL PROPAGATION OF COVID-19
・       TABLE 2........... RECOVERY SCENARIOS FOR THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
3.1             REALISTIC SCENARIO
3.2             OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO
3.3             PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO
・       FIGURE 10........ GROWTH PROJECTIONS OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN REALISTIC, OPTIMISTIC, AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
・       FIGURE 11.... IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
・       FIGURE 12.... COBOTS WITH PAYLOAD UP TO 5 KG TO DOMINATE THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET THROUGHOUT THE FORECAST PERIOD
・       FIGURE 13........ MARKET FOR SOFTWARE COMPONENT T0 GROW AT HIGHER CAGR DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
・       FIGURE 14.................. HANDLING APPLICATION TO DOMINATE THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD
・       FIGURE 15... MARKET FOR ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY TO WITNESS THE FASTEST GROWTH DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
・       FIGURE 16...... APAC TO ACCOUNT FOR THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN 2021

4.... PREMIUM INSIGHTS

4.1             ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
・       FIGURE 17 HIGH RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL ROBOTIC SYSTEMS IS EXPECTED TO FUEL MARKET GROWTH
4.2             COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY PAYLOAD
・       FIGURE 18.... MARKET FOR COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS WITH PAYLOAD CAPACITY 5-10 KG TO GROW AT THE HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD
4.3             COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY APPLICATION
・       FIGURE 19 HANDLING APPLICATION TO HOLD THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE MARKET IN 2021
4.4             COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY INDUSTRY
・       FIGURE 20 AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY TO HOLD THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN 2021
4.5             COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY INDUSTRY VS. BY COUNTRY/REGION
・       FIGURE 21.... AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AND CHINA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY INDUSTRY AND COUNTRY, RESPECTIVELY, IN 2021
4.6             COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY COUNTRY
・       FIGURE 22................ THE US TO HOLD THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN 2021

5.... MARKET OVERVIEW

5.1             INTRODUCTION
5.2             EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS
5.3             MARKET DYNAMICS
・       FIGURE 23.......... IMPACT OF DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES ON THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
・       FIGURE 24......... IMPACT OF RESTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES ON THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
5.3.1              DRIVERS
5.3.1.1            HIGH RETURN ON INVESTMENT AS COMPARED TO THE TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL ROBOTIC SYSTEM
5.3.1.2            INCREASING DEMAND IN THE E-COMMERCE AND LOGISTICS INDUSTRIES DUE TO CONTINGENCY OF COVID-19
・       TABLE 3....................................... GLOBAL E-COMMERCE SALES
・       TABLE 4. TOP 10 ECONOMIES IN THE B2C E-COMMERCE INDEX 2020
5.3.1.3            COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS TO BENEFIT BUSINESSES OF ALL SIZES
5.3.1.4            INCREASED EASE OF PROGRAMMING OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS
5.3.2              RESTRAINTS
5.3.2.1            HIGHER PREFERENCE FOR LOW PAYLOAD CAPACITY TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS OVER COBOTS IN HEAVY-DUTY INDUSTRIES
5.3.3              OPPORTUNITIES
5.3.3.1            COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS PAIRED WITH AMRS AND AGVS TO PROVIDE A SIGNIFICANT MARKET OPPORTUNITY
5.3.3.2            ROBOTS-AS-A-SERVICE MODEL TO ACCELERATE THE ADOPTION OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS.. 79
5.3.3.3            GROWING DEMAND FOR AUTOMATION IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY POST COVID-19
5.3.4              CHALLENGES
5.3.4.1            PAYLOAD AND SPEED LIMITATIONS OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS OWING TO THEIR INHERENT DESIGN
5.3.4.2            ADAPTING TO THE NEW COLLABORATIVE ROBOT STANDARDS AND RISING CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES IN CONNECTED ROBOTS
5.4             SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
・       FIGURE 25................. SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS OF ECOSYSTEM OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS:
R&D AND MANUFACTURING PHASES ADD MAXIMUM VALUE
5.4.1              PLANNING AND REVISING FUNDS
5.4.2              RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (R&D)
5.4.3              MANUFACTURING
5.4.4              ASSEMBLY, DISTRIBUTION, AND AFTER-SALES SERVICES
5.5             ECOSYSTEM/MARKET MAP
・       FIGURE 26.......................... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT ECOSYSTEM
・       TABLE 5.................. PLAYERS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE ECOSYSTEM
5.5.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOT OEMS
5.5.2              SUPPLIERS
5.5.3              ROBOT INTEGRATORS.. 85
5.5.4              DISTRIBUTORS
5.5.5              IT/BIG DATA COMPANIES
5.5.6              RESEARCH CENTERS.. 86
5.6             PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL
・       TABLE 6... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
・       FIGURE 27 COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
5.6.1              INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
5.6.2              BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
5.6.3              BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
5.6.4              THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
5.6.5              THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
5.7             TRENDS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS’ BUSINESS
・       FIGURE 28.. SHIFT IN CLIENTS’ REVENUES: WITH EXTENDED LENS ON AUTOMOTIVE, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS, PHARMACEUTICAL & COSMETICS, AND LOGISTICS INDUSTRIES
5.8             CASE STUDIES
5.8.1              AUTOMOTIVE
5.8.1.1            AUDI USES FANUC COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS TO CHECK WELDS
5.8.1.2            BEIJING BAI LEAR AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEM CO. LTD. (BAI LEAR) DEPLOYED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS
5.8.1.3            FORD DEPLOYS THREE UR10 COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR AUTOMATED ENGINE OIL FILLING
5.8.1.4            BMW USED KUKA LBR IIWA FOR INSERTION OF COMPONENTS IN CAR BODY CONSTRUCTION
5.8.1.5            NISSAN MOTOR COMPANY DEPLOYED UR10 ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS AT ITS YOKOHAMA PRODUCTION PLANT
5.8.1.6            FORD MOTOR COMPANY AUTOMATED ITS VEHICLE PRODUCTION LINE WITH THE KUKA LBR IIWA
5.8.1.7            ALPLA CORPORATION AUTOMATED ITS PRODUCTION LINE USING THE UR3 AND UR5 ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS
5.8.1.8            ROBERT BOSCH USED TWO APAS ASSISTANT ROBOTS IN ITS UTILITY VEHICLE PRODUCTION FACILITY FOR DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEMS
5.8.1.9            BAJAJ AUTO LIMITED USED ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS TO AUTOMATE THE ASSEMBLY LINE AT ITS MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURING FACILITY
5.8.2              ELECTRONICS
5.8.2.1            BLUE STAR LIMITED DEPLOYS COLLABORATIVE ROBOT UR10 FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS TO PAVE THE PATH FOR ZERO QUALITY REJECTIONS
5.8.2.2            INPRINT DEPLOYS COLLABORATIVE ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR OPTIMIZING PICK AND PLACE APPLICATION
5.8.2.3            BEYERDYNAMIC USED THE UR3 AND UR5 COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS TO INCREASE QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY
5.8.2.4            ASM ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS USED KUKA LBR IIWA ROBOTS TO OPTIMIZE ITS SMT LINES FOR THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
5.8.2.5            ABB INSTALLED ITS YUMI COLLABORATIVE ROBOT AT ITS LOW VOLTAGE PRODUCTS PLANT IN JABLONEC NAD NISOU, CZECH REPUBLIC
5.8.2.6            ASM ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS INSTALLED THE SAWYER ROBOT FROM RETHINK ROBOTICS FOR FACTORY AUTOMATION
5.8.2.7            ROBERT BOSCH INSTALLED ITS APAS ROBOT PRODUCTION FACILITY FOR
EPS CONTROL UNITS FOR AUTOMOTIVE STEERING SYSTEMS
5.8.2.8            P4Q ELECTRONICS INCREASED ITS PRODUCTION THROUGHPUT BY 25%
BY DEPLOYING SMART, ADAPTABLE AUTOMATION ON THE FACTORY FLOOR
5.8.3              METALS AND MACHINERY
5.8.3.1            ALL AXIS MACHINING DEPLOYED THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR AUTOMATION OF LEGACY MACHINES
5.8.3.2            CARL ZEISS INDIA DEPLOYED THE UR5 COLLABORATIVE ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR BOOSTING THE PRODUCTIVITY
5.8.3.3            STAMIT DEPLOYED THE UR10 COLLABORATIVE ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS IN A HIGH-MIX/LOW-VOLUME PRODUCTION LINE
5.8.3.4            FITZPATRICK MANUFACTURING DEPLOYED THE SAWYER ROBOT FOR QUALITY TESTING
5.8.3.5            AIRCRAFT TOOLING, INC. INSTALLED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR METAL POWDER AND PLASMA SPRAY PROCESSES
5.8.3.6            STIHL DEPLOYED THE FANUC CR-35IA COLLABORATIVE ROBOT ACROSS THE CUT-OFF SAW PACKAGING LINE
5.8.3.7            BAUMRUK & BAUMRUK AUTOMATED ITS PROCESS OF LOADING SMALLER PARTS INTO MILLING CENTERS
5.8.4              FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT
5.8.4.1            ASSA ABLOY INSTALLED UR5 ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS TO OVERCOME WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY CHALLENGES
5.8.4.2            ETALEX INSTALLED THE UR10 ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR PICK AND PLACE OF METAL PARTS
5.8.4.3            MODUFORM DEPLOYED THE SAWYER ROBOT FROM RETHINK ROBOTICS TO OVERCOME THE SHORTAGE OF WORKERS
5.8.4.4            ACRON SALES COMPANY INSTALLED THE SAWYER ROBOT FROM RETHINK ROBOTICS TO MAINTAIN THROUGHPUT, IMPROVE PRODUCT QUALITY, AND REDUCE RELIANCE ON OUTSIDE SUPPLIERS
5.8.4.5            ASSA ABLOY AUTOMATED THE ASSEMBLY AND PACKAGING LINE FOR HIGH-VOLUME HINGES WITH THE SAWYER ROBOT FROM RETHINK ROBOTICS
5.8.4.6            VOODOO MANUFACTURING USED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS TO AUTOMATE ITS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

5.8.5              PLASTICS AND POLYMERS
5.8.5.1            2K TREND A.S. DEPLOYED UNIVERSAL ROBOT’S UR10 TO SOLVE LABOR SHORTAGE AND AUTOMATE PRODUCTION
5.8.5.2            COX CONTAINER DEPLOYED RETHINK ROBOTICS’ SAWYER ROBOT TO BOOST FACTORY PRODUCTIVITY
5.8.5.3            PLASTIC MOLDED CONCEPTS (PMC) DEPLOYED RETHINK ROBOTICS’ SAWYER ROBOT TO BOOST THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS MOLDING MACHINES
5.8.5.4            HARRISON MANUFACTURING INSTALLED RETHINK ROBOTICS’ SAWYER AT ITS FACILITY IN JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI
5.8.5.5            TENNPLASCO INSTALLED RETHINK ROBOTICS’ SAWYER TO GAIN A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE INJECTION MOLDING MARKET
5.8.5.6            TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTION AUTOMATED MACHINE TENDING OF CNC MACHINES WITH 42 COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS
5.8.6              PERSONAL ASSIST. 96
5.8.6.1            ISAK GMBH IS EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF HUMAN-ROBOT COLLABORATION ACROSS THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS
5.8.6.2            RCM INDUSTRIES DEPLOYED UNIVERSAL ROBOTS TO CONTAIN THE RISK OF COVD-19 OUTBREAK WITHIN ITS FACILITY
5.8.7              FOOD AND BEVERAGE. 97
5.8.7.1            CASCINA ITALIA DEPLOYS COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR IMPROVING EFFICIENCY
5.8.7.2            ORKLA FOODS DEPLOYS COLLABORATIVE ROBOT UR10 FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOT TO STREAMLINE PRODUCTION AND PACKAGING
5.8.7.3            BISCHOFSZELL NAHRUNGSMITTEL AG USED THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT YUMI FROM ABB FOR ACHIEVING ACCURACY IN LABELLING PROCESS
5.8.7.4            RIEBER GMBH & CO. KG USED AN APAS ASSISTANT FROM ROBERT BOSCH FOR PROCESS AND LOGISTICS AUTOMATION IN INDUSTRIAL KITCHENS
5.8.7.5            ATRIA SCANDINAVIA OPTIMIZED LABELING, PACKAGING, AND PALLETIZING TASKS WITH COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS
5.8.7.6            CASCINA ITALIA IMPROVED THE FLEXIBILITY AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF ITS BUSINESS WITH THE UR5 ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS
5.8.8              PHARMA AND CHEMISTRY
5.8.8.1            GLIDEWELL LABORATORIES USED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS TO OPTIMIZE ITS PRODUCTION TIME
5.8.8.2            COPENHAGEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL USED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR HANDLING AND SORTING BLOOD SAMPLES FOR ANALYSIS
5.8.8.3            GLIDE LABORATORIES USED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS TO FACILITATE MACHINE TENDING TASKS FOR THE QUICK MANUFACTURING OF DENTAL CROWNS
5.8.8.4            MARKA USED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR PRECISE POSITIONING AND TIGHTENING OF BOTTLE CAPS
5.8.9              EDUCATION
5.8.9.1            PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY (INDIA) INCORPORATED A COLLABORATIVE ROBOT FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOT IN THEIR ROBOTICS PROGRAM
5.8.9.2            UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH’S EPSRC CENTRE FOR DOCTORAL TRAINING (CDT) PURCHASED A PAIR OF BAXTER ROBOTS FROM RETHINK ROBOTICS
5.8.9.3            UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE DEPLOYED BAXTER ROBOTS FROM RETHINK ROBOTICS AT THE SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
5.8.10            SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
5.8.10.1          IQLANDIA SCIENCE CENTRE (CZECH REPUBLIC) DEPLOYED UNIVERSAL ROBOT FOR AN EXHIBITION WITH THE PURPOSE OF DISPLAYING ADVANCEMENTS IN ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY
5.8.10.2          AGH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (POLAND) DEPLOYED ROBOTS FROM UNIVERSAL ROBOTS FOR A SPECIALIZED ROBOTICS STATION
5.8.10.3          AUROLAB DEPLOYED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR AUTOMATING MATERIAL HANDLING AND PICK-AND-PLACE TASKS
5.8.11            OTHERS
5.8.11.1          LEM OPTICAL INTEGRATED COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR OPTIMIZING LASER MARKING AND DISPENSING PROCESSES
5.9             TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
5.9.1              KEY TECHNOLOGY
5.9.1.1            INTEGRATION OF EMBEDDED VISION WITH COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS
5.9.1.2            INTEGRATION OF MOBILE ROBOT TECHNOLOGY WITH COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS
5.9.2              COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGY
5.9.2.1            PENETRATION OF INDUSTRIAL INTERNET OF THINGS (IIOT) AND AI IN INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING
5.9.2.2            ADOPTION OF INNOVATIVE GRIPPERS IN ROBOTICS MANIPULATION
5.9.3              ADJACENT TECHNOLOGY
5.9.3.1            PENETRATION OF 5G IN INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING
5.10          TRADE ANALYSIS
5.10.1            IMPORT SCENARIO.. 104
5.10.1.1          IMPORT SCENARIO FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
・       TABLE 7. INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS IMPORTS, 2012–2020 (USD MILLION)
5.10.2            EXPORT SCENARIO.. 105
5.10.2.1          EXPORT SCENARIO FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
・       TABLE 8. INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS EXPORTS, 2012–2020 (USD MILLION)
5.10.3            PATENT ANALYSIS.. 106
・       TABLE 9..... PATENTS FILED FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS,
2018–2020
・       FIGURE 29 COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS PATENTS PUBLISHED BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020
・       FIGURE 30... TOP 10 COMPANIES WITH THE HIGHEST NO. OF PATENT APPLICATIONS DURING 2010–2020
5.11          TARIFFS
・       TABLE 10.... MFN TARIFFS FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOT EXPORTED BY US
・       TABLE 11 MFN TARIFFS FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOT EXPORTED BY CHINA
5.11.1            POSITIVE IMPACT OF TARIFFS ON INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
5.11.2            NEGATIVE IMPACT OF TARIFFS ON INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
5.11.3            REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
5.11.3.1          REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS IN NORTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES
5.11.3.2          REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
5.11.3.3          REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS IN APAC COUNTRIES
5.11.3.4          REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS GOVERNING COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS
5.12          AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND
・       TABLE 12......... AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS BASED ON PAYLOAD CAPACITY
・       FIGURE 31.... AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND FOR COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS WITH VARIOUS PAYLOAD CAPACITIES
・       FIGURE 32 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF COBOTS ADOPTED IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES

6.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT (COBOT) MARKET, BY PAYLOAD

6.1             INTRODUCTION
・       TABLE 13...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 33... COBOTS WITH PAYLOAD CAPACITY UP TO 5 KG TO HOLD THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE MARKET DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD.. 120
・       TABLE 14...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 15...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 16...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
6.2             UP TO 5 KG
6.2.1              COBOTS WITH PAYLOAD CAPACITY BELOW 5 KG ARE INHERENTLY SAFE
・       TABLE 17. COMPANIES OFFERING COBOTS WITH PAYLOAD CAPACITY UP TO 5 KG
・       TABLE 18.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PAYLOAD UP TO 5 KG,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 19.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PAYLOAD UP TO 5 KG,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 20.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PAYLOAD UP TO 5 KG,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 21.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PAYLOAD UP TO 5 KG,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 22.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PAYLOAD UP TO 5 KG, BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 23.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PAYLOAD UP TO 5 KG, BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
6.3             5–10 KG
6.3.1              MOST COBOTS WITH 5–10 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY CAN BE EQUIPPED WITH IN-BUILT FORCE SENSORS
・       TABLE 24... COMPANIES OFFERING COBOTS WITH 5–10 KG PAYLOAD CAPACITY
・       TABLE 25.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR 5–10 KG PAYLOAD, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 26.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR 5–10 KG PAYLOAD, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 27.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR 5–10 KG PAYLOAD, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 28.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR 5–10 KG PAYLOAD, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 29.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR 5–10 KG PAYLOAD, BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 30.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR 5–10 KG PAYLOAD, BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
6.4             MORE THAN 10 KG
6.4.1              ADVANCES IN ROBOTIC HARDWARE ENABLING MANUFACTURERS TO DEVELOP COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS WITH A PAYLOAD CAPACITY ABOVE 10 KG
・       TABLE 31. COMPANIES OFFERING COBOTS WITH PAYLOAD CAPACITY MORE THAN 10 KG
・       TABLE 32... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR MORE THAN 10 KG PAYLOAD,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 33... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR MORE THAN 10 KG PAYLOAD,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 34... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR MORE THAN 10 KG PAYLOAD,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 35... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR MORE THAN 10 KG PAYLOAD,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 36... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR MORE THAN 10 KG PAYLOAD,
BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 37... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR MORE THAN 10 KG PAYLOAD,
BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)

7.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT (COBOT) MARKET, BY COMPONENT

7.1             INTRODUCTION
・       TABLE 38.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY COMPONENT,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 39.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY COMPONENT,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
7.2             HARDWARE
・       TABLE 40....... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HARDWARE, BY COMPONENT,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 34 ROBOTIC ARM TO HOLD THE LARGEST SHARE OF MARKET FOR HARDWARE COMPONENT DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 41....... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HARDWARE, BY COMPONENT,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
7.2.1              ROBOTIC ARM
7.2.1.1            ROBOTIC ARM DESIGN IS DEFINED BY ISO/TS 15066 STANDARD
7.2.2              END EFFECTOR OR END OF ARM TOOL (EOAT)
7.2.2.1            WELDING GUNS
7.2.2.1.1            HAND GUIDANCE FEATURE OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS MAKES WELDING TASKS EASIER
・       TABLE 42....... PLAYERS MANUFACTURING ROBOTIC WELDING GUNS
7.2.2.2            GRIPPERS
7.2.2.2.1            PNEUMATIC
7.2.2.2.1.1        PNEUMATIC GRIPPERS REQUIRE AN EXTERNAL AIR SUPPLY TO OPERATE
7.2.2.2.2            ELECTRIC
7.2.2.2.2.1        ELECTRIC GRIPPERS ARE THE EASIEST TO PROGRAM AND OPERATE COMPARED TO OTHER GRIPPERS
・       TABLE 43............. PLAYERS MANUFACTURING ELECTRIC GRIPPERS
7.2.2.2.3            DEXTEROUS ROBOTIC HAND
7.2.2.2.3.1        4-FINGER ROBOTIC HAND MAY BE USED WITHOUT A ROBOTIC ARM
7.2.2.2.3.2        5-FINGER ROBOTIC HANDS ARE USED IN COMBINATION WITH INDUSTRIAL AS WELL AS COLLABORATIVE ROBOTIC ARMS
7.2.2.2.4            VACUUM
7.2.2.2.4.1        VACUUM GRIPPERS CAN EASILY HANDLE UNEVEN AND LARGE AREA WORKPIECES
7.2.2.2.5            MAGNETIC
7.2.2.2.5.1        MAGNETIC GRIPPERS ARE NOT AS POPULAR AS OTHER TYPES OF GRIPPERS
・       TABLE 44............ PLAYERS MANUFACTURING MAGNETIC GRIPPERS
7.2.2.3            ROBOTIC SCREWDRIVERS
7.2.2.3.1            ROBOTIC SCREWDRIVERS APPLY CONSISTENT TORQUE DURING SCREWDRIVING.. 146
7.2.2.4            SANDING AND DEBURRING TOOLS
7.2.2.4.1            SANDING AND DEBURRING TOOLS ARE USED FOR MATERIAL REMOVAL
7.2.2.5            OTHERS
7.2.2.5.1            OTHERS INCLUDE SPECIALTY AND HYBRID END EFFECTORS
7.2.3              DRIVES
7.2.3.1            DRIVES CONVERT ELECTRICAL ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY
7.2.4              CONTROLLERS
7.2.4.1            CONTROLLERS CARRY OUT NECESSARY INSTRUCTIONS REQUIRED TO OPERATE COBOTS
7.2.5              SENSORS
7.2.5.1            SENSORS HELP IN MEASUREMENT AND TRANSLATION OF INFORMATION INTO MEANINGFUL DATA
7.2.6              POWER SUPPLY
7.2.6.1            MOST COBOTS OPERATE AT 24 V OR 48 V
7.2.7              MOTORS
7.2.7.1            COBOTS ARE FITTED WITH LIGHT BUT POWERFUL MOTORS
7.2.8              OTHERS
7.3             SOFTWARE
7.3.1              COBOT MANUFACTURERS INVEST SUBSTANTIAL EFFORTS TO DEVELOP INTUITIVE PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE

8.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY APPLICATION

8.1             INTRODUCTION
・       TABLE 45.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET RANKING ANALYSIS, BY APPLICATION
・       TABLE 46.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 35............. MARKET FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION TO GROW AT THE HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 47.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 48 COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 49 COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
8.2             HANDLING
・       TABLE 50...... COMPANIES OFFERING COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR HANDLING APPLICATION
・       TABLE 51............. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING APPLICATION,
BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 52............. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING APPLICATION,
BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 53............. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 54............. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 55............. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 56............. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
8.2.1              PICK AND PLACE
8.2.1.1            PICK AND PLACE TASK IS THE EASIEST TO PROGRAM FOR FIRST-TIME USERS
8.2.2              MATERIAL HANDLING.. 157
8.2.2.1            MATERIAL HANDLING CONSISTS OF ORDER FULFILMENT USING MOBILE UNITS.. 157
8.2.3              PACKAGING AND PALLETIZING
8.2.3.1            PACKING AND PALLETIZING OFTEN REQUIRE MEDIUM PAYLOAD COBOTS
8.2.4              MACHINE TENDING.. 157
8.2.4.1            COBOTS ARE USED ALONGSIDE CNC, INJECTION, AND BLOW MOLDING MACHINES.. 157
・       TABLE 57........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING, BY APPLICATION,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 36... MARKET FOR MATERIAL HANDLING TASKS TO GROW AT THE HIGHEST CAGR DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 58........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR HANDLING, BY APPLICATION,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
8.3             ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING
・       TABLE 59...... COMPANIES OFFERING COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION
8.3.1              SCREWDRIVING
8.3.1.1            COBOTS CAN HANDLE TORQUE FORCES REQUIRED FOR SCREWDRIVING APPLICATIONS
8.3.2              NUT FASTENING
8.3.2.1            COBOTS SUITABLE FOR NUT FASTENING ON MEDIUM AND LARGE WORKPIECES
・       TABLE 60...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION, BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 61...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION, BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 62...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 63...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 64...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 65...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING ASSEMBLING & DISASSEMBLING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD,
2021–2027 (UNITS)
8.4             WELDING AND SOLDERING
8.4.1              WELDING AND SOLDERING IS A NICHE APPLICATION FOR COBOTS
・       TABLE 66...... COMPANIES OFFERING COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR WELDING & SOLDERING APPLICATION
・       TABLE 67........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR WELDING AND SOLDERING APPLICATION, BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 68........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR WELDING AND SOLDERING APPLICATION, BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 69........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR WELDING AND SOLDERING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 70........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR WELDING AND SOLDERING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 71........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR WELDING AND SOLDERING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD 2017–2020 (UNITS). 165
・       TABLE 72........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR WELDING AND SOLDERING APPLICATION, BY PAYLOAD 2021–2027 (UNITS). 165
8.5             DISPENSING
・       TABLE 73...... COMPANIES OFFERING COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION
8.5.1              GLUING
8.5.1.1            ROBOTIC GLUING ENSURES QUALITY AND CONSISTENCY OF APPLICATION
8.5.2              PAINTING
8.5.2.1            COBOT PAINTING IS SUITABLE FOR LOW VOLUME PRODUCTION
・       TABLE 74.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION,
BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 75.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION,
BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 76.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 77.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 78.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 79.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
8.6             PROCESSING
・       TABLE 80...... COMPANIES OFFERING COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION
8.6.1              GRINDING
8.6.1.1            FOR GRINDING TASKS, A FORCE/TORQUE SENSOR IS OFTEN USED ALONG WITH END EFFECTOR
8.6.2              MILLING
8.6.2.1            MILLING TASKS CONSIST OF DEBURRING, CHAMFERING, AND SCRAPING OPERATIONS
8.6.3              CUTTING
8.6.3.1            COBOTS ARE BEING USED FOR CUTTING APPLICATIONS ON A VERY SMALL SCALE
・       TABLE 81......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION,
BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 82......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION,
BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 83......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 84......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 85......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 86......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION,
BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 87.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 37... GRINDING TASKS TO HOLD THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE MARKET FOR PROCESSING APPLICATION DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 88.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR PROCESSING, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
8.7             OTHERS
・       TABLE 89...... COMPANIES OFFERING COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS
8.7.1              INSPECTION AND QUALITY TESTING
8.7.1.1            COBOTS CAN INSPECT COMPLEX SHAPED OBJECTS ALONGSIDE HUMAN WORKERS.. 176
8.7.2              DIE-CASTING AND MOLDING
8.7.2.1            COBOTS ARE IDEAL FOR AUTOMATING INJECTION MOLDING TASKS
・       TABLE 90.................. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 91.................. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 92.................. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 93.................. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 94.................. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 95.................. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
8.8             IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT APPLICATION
8.8.1              MOST IMPACTED APPLICATION
・       FIGURE 38.......... IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR WELDING & SOLDERING APPLICATION
・       TABLE 96....... GLOBAL SALES OF VEHICLES FOR 2019-2020 (UNITS)
8.8.2              LEAST IMPACTED APPLICATION
・       FIGURE 39.......... IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR DISPENSING APPLICATION

9.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY INDUSTRY

9.1             INTRODUCTION
・       TABLE 97........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRY,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 40........... MARKET IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY TO WITNESS HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 98........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRY,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 99........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRY, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 100...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRY, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
9.2             AUTOMOTIVE
9.2.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS ARE BEING USED TO PERFORM LIGHT AND REPETITIVE TASKS
・       TABLE 101.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 41. COBOT MARKET FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN APAC TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 102.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 103.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 104.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 105.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 106........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION). 188
9.3             ELECTRONICS
9.3.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS CAN HANDLE SMALL AND FRAGILE COMPONENTS IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
・       TABLE 107... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 108... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 109... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 110... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 111... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 112... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY,
BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
9.4             METALS & MACHINING
9.4.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS ARE USED ALONGSIDE CNC AND OTHER HEAVY MACHINERY TO AUTOMATE VARIOUS TASKS.. 192
・       TABLE 113........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN METALS & MACHINING INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 42 APAC TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF MARKET IN METALS & MACHINING INDUSTRY IN 2021
・       TABLE 114........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN METALS & MACHINING INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 115........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN METALS & MACHINING INDUSTRY, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 116........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN METALS & MACHINING INDUSTRY, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 117........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN METALS & MACHINING INDUSTRY, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 118........ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN METALS & MACHINING INDUSTRY, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
9.5             PLASTICS & POLYMERS
9.5.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS ARE DEPLOYED ALONGSIDE INJECTION AND BLOW MOLDING MACHINES
・       TABLE 119...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN PLASTICS & POLYMERS INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 120...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN PLASTICS & POLYMERS INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 121...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN PLASTICS & POLYMERS INDUSTRY, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 122...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN PLASTICS & POLYMERS INDUSTRY, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 123...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN PLASTICS & POLYMERS INDUSTRY, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 124...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN PLASTICS & POLYMERS INDUSTRY, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
9.6             FOOD & BEVERAGES
9.6.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS ARE USED IN FOOD INDUSTRY FOR BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HANDLING APPLICATIONS
・       TABLE 125........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 43 APAC TO WITNESS HIGHEST CAGR FOR COBOT MARKET IN FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY
・       TABLE 126........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 127........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 128........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 129........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 130........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FOOD & BEVERAGES INDUSTRY,
BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
9.7             FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT
9.7.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS ARE USED TO PERFORM VARIOUS PICK AND PLACE AND MACHINE TENDING APPLICATIONS.. 202
・       TABLE 131... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND). 203
・       TABLE 132... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND). 203
・       TABLE 133... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY, BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 134... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY, BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 135... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION). 204
・       TABLE 136... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN FURNITURE & EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION). 204
9.8             HEALTHCARE
9.8.1              COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS ARE DEPLOYED FOR NON-SURGICAL APPLICATIONS IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
・       TABLE 137.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 138.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY,
BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 139.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 140.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 141.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY,
BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 142.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY,
BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
9.9             OTHERS
・       TABLE 143............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN OTHER INDUSTRIES, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 144............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN OTHER INDUSTRIES, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 145............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN OTHER INDUSTRIES,
BY APPLICATION, 2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 146............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN OTHER INDUSTRIES,
BY APPLICATION, 2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 147............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN OTHER INDUSTRIES, BY PAYLOAD, 2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 148............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE IN OTHER INDUSTRIES, BY PAYLOAD, 2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
9.10          IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INDUSTRIES
9.10.1            MOST IMPACTED INDUSTRY
・       FIGURE 44.......... IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
9.10.2            LEAST IMPACTED INDUSTRY
・       FIGURE 45.......... IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

10.. GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

10.1          INTRODUCTION
・       FIGURE 46.. MARKET IN APAC COUNTRIES TO GROW AT SIGNIFICANT RATE DURING FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 149. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET RANKING ANALYSIS, BY REGION
・       TABLE 150......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 151......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SIZE, BY REGION,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 152...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 153...... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
10.2          NORTH AMERICA
・       FIGURE 47........ NORTH AMERICA: COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SNAPSHOT
・       TABLE 154. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 155. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 156. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY,
2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 157. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY,
2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 158. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY INDUSTRY,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 159. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY INDUSTRY,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
10.2.1            US
10.2.1.1          US HOLDS LARGEST SHARE OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA
10.2.2            CANADA
10.2.2.1          INCREASED FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR WILL DRIVE THE COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
10.2.3            MEXICO
10.2.3.1          COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN MEXICO EXPECTED TO WITNESS HIGHEST CAGR IN THE REGION
10.3          EUROPE
・       FIGURE 48.... EUROPE: COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SNAPSHOT
・       TABLE 160............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 161............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 162............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY,
2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 163............ COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN EUROPE, BY COUNTRY,
2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 164........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKER IN EUROPE, BY INDUSTRY,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 165........... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKER IN EUROPE, BY INDUSTRY,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
10.3.1            GERMANY
10.3.1.1          GERMANY HOUSES SEVERAL COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MANUFACTURERS
10.3.2            ITALY
10.3.2.1          COMAU (ITALY) OFFERS COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS WITH HIGHEST PAYLOAD CAPACITY. 226
10.3.3            SPAIN
10.3.3.1          SPAIN TO WITNESS HIGH GROWTH FOR COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS DUE TO ADOPTION OF AUTOMATION IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
10.3.4            FRANCE
10.3.4.1          INCREASING DEPLOYMENT OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS IS EXPECTED TO DRIVE MARKET IN FRANCE
10.3.5            UK
10.3.5.1          INVESTMENTS IN R&D FOR REVIVING AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN UK OFFERS
HIGH GROWTH POTENTIAL
10.3.6            REST OF EUROPE
10.4          APAC
・       FIGURE 49........ APAC: COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SNAPSHOT
・       TABLE 166.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY COUNTRY,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 167.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY COUNTRY,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 168.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY COUNTRY,
2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 169.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY COUNTRY,
2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 170. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY INDUSTRY,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 171. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC, BY INDUSTRY,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
10.4.1            CHINA
10.4.1.1          CHINA ACCOUNTED FOR LARGEST SHARE OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC IN 2020
10.4.2            SOUTH KOREA
10.4.2.1          SOUTH KOREA HAS SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF COBOTS DEPLOYED IN AUTOMOTIVE AND ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES
10.4.3            JAPAN
10.4.3.1          JAPAN HELD THE SECOND-LARGEST SHARE OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN APAC IN 2020
10.4.4            TAIWAN
10.4.4.1          TAIWAN TO REGISTER HIGHEST GROWTH IN TERMS OF ADOPTION OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
10.4.5            THAILAND
10.4.5.1          THAILAND 4.0 INITIATIVE EXPECTED TO DRIVE MARKET FOR COBOTS DURING FORECAST PERIOD
10.4.6            INDIA
10.4.6.1          INDIA PRESENTS A HUGE MARKET POTENTIAL FOR DEPLOYMENT OF COBOTS
10.4.7            REST OF APAC
10.5          ROW
・       FIGURE 50........ ROW: COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET SNAPSHOT
・       TABLE 172..... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION,
2017–2020 (USD MILLION)
・       FIGURE 51..... MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET THROUGHOUT FORECAST PERIOD
・       TABLE 173..... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION,
2021–2027 (USD MILLION)
・       TABLE 174..... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION, 2017–2020 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 175..... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN ROW, BY REGION, 2021–2027 (UNITS)
・       TABLE 176.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN ROW, BY INDUSTRY,
2017–2020 (USD THOUSAND)
・       TABLE 177.. COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN ROW, BY INDUSTRY,
2021–2027 (USD THOUSAND)
10.5.1            MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
10.5.1.1          MIDDLE EAST HAS GROWING NUMBER OF COMPLETE KNOCK DOWN AND SPARE PARTS MANUFACTURING FACILITIES FOR AUTOMOTIVE
10.5.2            SOUTH AMERICA
10.5.2.1          SOUTH AMERICA TO WITNESS HIGH GROWTH IN ADOPTION OF COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS DURING THE FORECAST PERIOD
10.6          COVID-19 IMPACT ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN VARIOUS REGIONS
10.6.1            MOST IMPACTED REGION
・       FIGURE 52.......... IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN EUROPE
10.6.2            LEAST IMPACTED REGION
・       FIGURE 53.......... IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET IN
NORTH AMERICA

11.. HUMAN-ROBOT COLLABORATIVE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (QUALITATIVE)

11.1          INTRODUCTION
11.2          SAFETY-RATED MONITORED STOP
11.3          HAND GUIDING
11.4          SPEED REDUCTION AND SEPARATION MONITORING
11.5          POWER AND FORCE LIMITING

12.. INTEGRATION OF COBOTS AND IOT (QUALITATIVE)

12.1          INTRODUCTION
12.2          CONNECTIVITY TECHNOLOGY
12.2.1            ETHERNET
12.2.2            WI-FI
12.2.3            BLUETOOTH
12.2.4            CELLULAR
12.2.4.1          4G CONNECTIVITY
12.2.4.2          5G CONNECTIVITY
12.3          INTEROPERABILITY SOFTWARE

13.. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

13.1          OVERVIEW
13.2          KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN
・       TABLE 178 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES DEPLOYED BY COLLABORATIVE ROBOT COMPANIES
13.2.1            PRODUCT PORTFOLIO.. 248
13.2.2            REGIONAL FOCUS
13.2.3            MANUFACTURING FOOTPRINT
13.2.4            ORGANIC/INORGANIC PLAY
13.3          MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2020
・       TABLE 179........ DEGREE OF COMPETITION, COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET (2020)
13.4          5-YEAR COMPANY REVENUE ANALYSIS
・       FIGURE 54.......... 5-YEAR REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP 5 PLAYERS IN COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET
13.5          COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT
13.5.1            STAR
13.5.2            EMERGING LEADER.. 251
13.5.3            PERVASIVE
13.5.4            PARTICIPANT
・       FIGURE 55.... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET (GLOBAL), COMPANY EVALUATION QUADRANT (2020)
13.6          START-UP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX
・       TABLE 180... STARTUPS/SMES IN COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS MARKET
13.6.1            PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES
13.6.2            RESPONSIVE COMPANIES
13.6.3            DYNAMIC COMPANIES
13.6.4            STARTING BLOCKS
・       FIGURE 56.......... COLLABORATIVE ROBOT MARKET, STARTUP/SME EVALUATION MATRIX, 2020
13.7          COMPANY PRODUCT FOOTPRINT
・       TABLE 181............................................. COMPANY FOOTPRINT. 256
・       TABLE 182................................. COMPANY PAYLOAD FOOTPRINT
・       TABLE 183................................ COMPANY INDUSTRY FOOTPRINT
・       TABLE 184.................................. COMPANY REGION FOOTPRINT
13.8          COMPETITIVE SITUATION AND TRENDS
13.8.1            PRODUCT LAUNCHES.. 260
・       TABLE 185... PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2020–OCTOBER 2020
13.8.2            DEALS
・       TABLE 186................ DEALS, SEPTEMBER 2020–DECEMBER 2020
13.8.3            OTHERS
・       TABLE 187............... EXPANSION, OCTOBER 2019–OCTOBER 2020

14.. COMPANY PROFILES

(BUSINESS OVERVIEW, PRODUCTS OFFERED, RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, AND MNM VIEW (KEY STRENGTHS/RIGHT TO WIN, STRATEGIC CHOICES MADE, AND WEAKNESSES AND COMPETITIVE THREATS))*
14.1          KEY PLAYERS
14.1.1            UNIVERSAL ROBOTS.. 265
・       TABLE 188.................. UNIVERSAL ROBOTS: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
14.1.2            FANUC
・       TABLE 189.................................... FANUC: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
・       FIGURE 57................................... FANUC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
14.1.3            ABB
・       TABLE 190....................................... ABB: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
・       FIGURE 58...................................... ABB: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
14.1.4            TECHMAN ROBOT
・       TABLE 191...................... TECHMAN ROBOT: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
14.1.5            KUKA
・       TABLE 192..................................... KUKA: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
・       FIGURE 59..................................... KUKA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
14.1.6            DOOSAN ROBOTICS.. 293
・       TABLE 193................... DOOSAN ROBOTICS: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
14.1.7            DENSO
・       TABLE 194................................... DENSO: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
・       FIGURE 60................................... DENSO: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
14.1.8            YASKAWA
・       TABLE 195................................ YASKAWA: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
・       FIGURE 61............................... YASKAWA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
14.1.9            PRECISE AUTOMATION
・       TABLE 196............... PRECISE AUTOMATION: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
14.1.10         RETHINK ROBOTICS
・       TABLE 197................... RETHINK ROBOTICS: BUSINESS OVERVIEW
14.2          OTHER KEY PLAYERS
14.2.1            MABI ROBOTIC
14.2.2            FRANKA EMIKA
14.2.3            COMAU
14.2.4            F&P ROBOTICS.. 310
14.2.5            STÄUBLI
14.2.6            BOSCH REXROTH
14.2.7            PRODUCTIVE ROBOTICS
14.2.8            WYZO
14.2.9            NEURA ROBOTICS
14.2.10         ELEPHANT ROBOTICS
14.2.11         ELITE ROBOT
14.2.12         KASSOW ROBOTS
14.2.13         SIASUN
14.2.14         MIP ROBOTICS
14.2.15         HANWHA CORPORATION
*DETAILS ON BUSINESS OVERVIEW, PRODUCTS OFFERED, RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, AND MNM VIEW (KEY STRENGTHS/RIGHT TO WIN, STRATEGIC CHOICES MADE, AND WEAKNESSES AND COMPETITIVE THREATS) MIGHT NOT BE CAPTURED IN CASE OF UNLISTED COMPANIES.

15.. APPENDIX

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