Rare Earths: Global Markets, Applications, Technologies

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Study Goals and Objectives
Reasons for Doing This Study
Intended Audience
Scope of Report
Methodology and Information Sources
Analyst's Credentials
BCC Custom Research
Related BCC Research Reports

Chapter 2 Executive Summary

Chapter 3 Market Overview

Introduction
Milestones in the History of Rare Earths and Recent Events
Patent Trends: Past, Present and Future
Current and Emerging Applications for Rare Earths

• Metallurgical/Mechanical
• Glass/Ceramics
• Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics
• Chemical
• Energy
• Life Sciences
• Sensors and Instrumentation
• Consumer
• Others

Rare Earth Compounds and Green Technology - Biggest Opportunity

• Novel Technologies and R&D Progress

End User Industry Analysis and Rare Earths Value Chain by Industry

• Electric Vehicles (EV) and Rare Earths

Government Initiatives Across Geographic Regions
Regulatory Framework and Political Implications

• Environmental and Health Regulations Impacting the Rare Earth Element Industry

Investment Analysis

• U.S. Army: Investment Analysis for Defense
• Analysis of Supply Demand for REE (India)

Key Market Trends

• Porter's Five Forces Model

Pestel Analysis

• Political
• Economic Factors
• Social Factors
• Environmental Factors

Chapter 4 Rare Earth Production Technology

Introduction
Rare Earth Elements Processing

• Extraction of Rare Earths from Phosphogypsum
• Metallurgical Process for Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Low-Grade Ores
• Mechanochemical Methods for Recovery, Extraction and Separation of Rare Earths
• Hydrometallurgical Separation of Rare Earth Elements from Uranium-Rich Concentrates
• Refining Methods for Rare Earths Based on Organic Amine Lixiviants
• Simplified Metallurgical Treatment for Extraction of Rare Earths

Latest Technological Developments, 2012 to Present

• Organic/Inorganic Composite Containing Rare Earths
• Transparent Ceramics
• Bioceramic Coatings Based on Rare Earths
• Thermoelectric Materials Containing Rare Earths
• Rare-Earth-Based Magneto-Optical Nanocrystalline Oxides

Global Production of Rare Earths

• Summary of Global Production

Chapter 5 Geographical Distribution of Rare Earth Resources

Introduction
North America

• U.S.
• Canada

South America

• Brazil
• Argentina

Europe

• Sweden
• Finland
• Norway
• Greenland

Africa

• South Africa

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

• Russia
• Kyrgyzstan
• Kazakhstan

Asia

• India
• China
• Vietnam
• Other Asian Resources

Oceania

• Australia

Global Production Forecast

• Production Forecast by Country
• Production Forecast by Element

Chapter 6 Rare Earth Prices

Historical Prices of Basic Rare Earth Oxides

• Early 1990s to 2003
• 2003 to 2011
• Prices 2011 to 2014

Future Price Trends

• China's Production and Export Policies
• Production Outside China

Chapter 7 Global Markets

Outline of Analysis

• Global Market Summary
• Market Segmentation by Industry
• Market Segmentation by Element

Metallurgical/Mechanical Sector

• Ceramics Application
• Permanent Magnets
• Consumption and Revenues of Rare Earths by Magnet Type
• Metallurgical Alloys

Glass/Ceramics Sector

• Fluorescence and Rare Earth Oxides
• Current Market Summary
• Market Growth Trends

Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics

• Current Market Summary
• Market Growth Trends
• Market Forecast
• Consumption and Revenues of Rare Earths by Element

Chemical Sector

• Historic Market Summary
• Market Forecast

Energy Sector

• Current Market Summary
• Market Growth Trends
• Market Forecast

Other Sectors

• Current Market Summary
• Market Growth Trends
• Market Forecast

Chapter 8 Global Industry Structure

Miners and Suppliers of Rare Earths
Other Key Players in the Rare Earth Industry
Miners and Suppliers of Rare Earths
Company Profiles and Recent Developments

• AGC SEIMI CHEMICAL
• ALUMINUM CORP. OF CHINA
• ALKANE RESOURCES LTD.
• ARAFURA RESOURCES
• ARNOLD MAGNETIC TECHNOLOGIES
• AVALON ADVANCED MATERIALS INC.
• CHINA MINMETALS
• CHINA NORTHERN RARE EARTH HI-TECH CO., LTD.
• CHINA RARE EARTH HOLDINGS
• FERRO
• GANSU RARE EARTH GROUP
• GANZHOU RARE EARTH GROUP
• GREENLAND MINERALS LTD.
• HEXI INDUSTRIAL PARK
• HITACHI METALS LTD.
• HUDSON RESOURCES INC.
• INDIAN RARE EARTHS
• IRTYSH RARE EARTHS
• ILUKA RESOURCES
• LYNAS CORP.
• MITSUI KINZOKU
• MOLYCORP
• NAMIBIA CRITICAL METALS INC.
• NORTHERN MINERALS LTD.
• RAINBOW RARE EARTHS
• RARE ELEMENT RESOURCES LTD.
• SANTOKU CORP.
• SHIN-ETSU CHEMICAL
• SHOWA DENKO
• SOLVAY
• SUMMIT ATOM RARE EARTH COMPANY
• TREIBACHER INDUSTRIE
• UCORE RARE METALS INC.

Chapter 9 Patent Analysis

Introduction
Summary of Patents Awarded in 2015

• Global Patents
• U.S.

European Rare Earth-Related Patents

• European Rare Earth-Related Patents by Specialty
• European Rare Earth-Related Patents by Key Company
• European Rare Earth-Related Patents by Key Company and Specialty Segment

Japanese Patents

• Japanese Rare Earth-Related Patents by Specialty
• Japanese Rare Earth-Related Patents by Key Company
• Japanese Rare Earth-Related Patents by Key Company and Specialty Segment
• Historic Analysis of Patent Analysis

General Trends
Trends by Country and Region
Trends by Assignee
Trends by Patent Category
Patent Trends by Application
Patent Trends by Rare Earth Type
Patent Trends by Form of Rare Earth

List of Tables

Summary Table : Global Market Volumes of Rare Earth Usage, by Industry, Through 2023
Table 1 : Lanthanoids
Table 2 : Typical Properties of Lanthanoids
Table 3 : Scandium and Yttrium
Table 4 : Technological and Commercial Milestones in Rare Earth Developments
Table 5 : Rare Earth Discoveries
Table 6 : Number of Patents Granted to Chinese Companies versus Other Global Companies, 1986-2019
Table 7 : Applications of Rare Earths in the Metallurgical and Mechanical Industry, 2014
Table 8 : Applications of Rare Earths in the Glass/Ceramics Industry
Table 9 : Applications of Rare Earths in Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics
Table 10 : Applications of Rare Earths in the Chemical Industry, 2014
Table 11 : Applications of Rare Earths in the Energy Sector, 2014
Table 12 : Applications of Rare Earths in the Life Sciences, 2014
Table 13 : Applications of Rare Earths in the Sensors and Instrumentation Industry, 2014
Table 14 : Applications of Rare Earths in the Consumer Sector, 2014
Table 15 : Other Applications of Rare Earths, 2014
Table 16 : Basic Processing Steps in the Rare Earth Industry, 2014
Table 17 : Rare Earth Reserves, by Country, 2019
Table 18 : Mountain Pass, California, U.S.—Typical Ore Composition
Table 19 : Iron Hill, Colorado, U.S.—Carbonatite Ore Composition
Table 20 : Iron Hill, Colorado, U.S.—Piroxenite Ore Composition
Table 21 : Lemhi Pass, Idaho/Montana, U.S.—Typical Ore Composition
Table 22 : Elk Creek, Nebraska, U.S.—Typical Ore Composition
Table 23 : Round Top Mountain, Texas, U.S.—Typical Ore Composition
Table 24 : Bear Lodge, Wyoming, U.S.—Typical Ore Composition
Table 25 : Bokan Mountain, Alaska, U.S.—Dotson Ore Composition
Table 26 : U.S. Rare Earth Resources
Table 27 : Thor Lake, Canada—Nechalacho Ore Composition
Table 28 : Eldor, Canada—Ashram Zone Ore Composition
Table 29 : Strange Lake, Canada—B-Zone Ore Composition
Table 30 : Oka, Canada—Typical Ore Composition
Table 31 : Kipawa, Canada—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 32 : Elliot Lake, Canada—Eco Ridge Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 33 : Hoidas Lake, Canada—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 34 : Canadian Rare Earth Resources
Table 35 : Araxá, Brazil—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 36 : Catalão, Brazil—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 37 : Tapira, Brazil—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 38 : Morro do Ferro, Brazil—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 39 : Mato Preto, Brazil—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 40 : Brazilian Rare Earth Resources
Table 41 : Norra Kärr, Sweden—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 42 : Olserum, Sweden—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 43 : Katajakangas, Finland—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 44 : Kvanefjeld, Greenland Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 45 : Motzfeldt, Greenland—Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 46 : Zandkopsdrift, South Africa-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 47 : Pilanesberg, South Africa-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 48 : Steenkampskraal, South Africa-Typical Rare Earth Ore Compositions
Table 49 : South African Rare Earth Resources
Table 50 : Lovozero, Russia-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 51 : Khibina, Russia-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 52 : Russian Rare Earth Resources, 2014
Table 53 : Kutessai II, Kyrgyzstan-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 54 : Kyrgyzstan Rare Earth Resources, 2014
Table 55 : India-Typical Monazite Ore Composition
Table 56 : Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China-Typical Bastnäsite Ore Composition
Table 57 : Maoniuping, Sichuan, China-Typical Ore Composition
Table 58 : Southern China-Typical Monazite Ore Composition
Table 59 : Chinese Rare Earth Resources, 2014
Table 60 : Vietnamese Rare Earth Resources, 2014
Table 61 : Mt. Weld, Australia-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 62 : Nolans Bore, Australia-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 63 : Toongi, Australia-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 64 : Brockman, Australia-Typical Ore Composition
Table 65 : Cummins Range, Australia-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 66 : Yangibana, Australia-Typical Rare Earth Ore Composition
Table 67 : Australian Rare Earth Resources, 2014
Table 68 : Rare Earth Production, by Country, 2019-2023
Table 69 : Rare Earth Production, by Element, 2019
Table 70 : Average Unit Prices of Rare Earths, 99% Purity FOB, 2011-2014
Table 71 : Forecast Average Unit Prices of Rare Earths, 99% Purity FOB, Through 2023
Table 72 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths, by Industry, Through 2023
Table 73 : Global Market for Rare Earth Usage, by Industry, Through 2023
Table 74 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths, by Element, 2019-2023
Table 75 : Main Types of Permanent Magnets
Table 76 : Current Applications for Permanent Magnets
Table 77 : Current Rare Earth Magnet Applications
Table 78 : Rare Earth Elements for Metallurgy, 2014
Table 79 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths for Metallurgy, Through 2023
Table 80 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths for Metallurgy, by Element, Through 2023
Table 81 : Global Market for Rare Earths for Metallurgy, by Element, Through 2023
Table 82 : Rare Earth Elements for Glass and Ceramics, 2019
Table 83 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths for Glass and Ceramics, by Application, Through 2023
Table 84 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths for Glass and Ceramics, by Element, Through 2023
Table 85 : Global Market for Rare Earths for Glass and Ceramics, by Element, Through 2023
Table 86 : Rare Earth Elements for Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics, 2014
Table 87 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths for Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics, by Application, Through 2023
Table 88 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths for Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics, by Element, Through 2023
Table 89 : Global Market for Rare Earths for Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics, by Element, Through 2023
Table 90 : Applications of Rare Earth Elements in the Chemical Industry, 2014
Table 91 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths in the Chemical Industry, by Application, Through 2023
Table 92 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths in the Chemical Industry, by Element, Through 2023
Table 93 : Global Market for Rare Earths in the Chemical Industry, by Element, Through 2023
Table 94 : Applications of Rare Earth Elements in the Energy Sector, 2014
Table 95 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths in the Energy Sector, by Application, Through 2023
Table 96 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths in the Energy Sector, by Element, Through 2023
Table 97 : Global Market for Rare Earths in the Energy Sector, by Element, Through 2023
Table 98 : Applications of Rare Earth Elements in Other Sectors, 2014
Table 99 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths in Other Sectors, by Application, Through 2023
Table 100 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths in Other Sectors, by Element, Through 2023
Table 101 : Global Market for Rare Earths in Other Sectors, by Element, Through 2023
Table 102 : Miners and Suppliers of Rare Earths
Table 103 : Geographical Distribution of Key Players
Table 104 : Other Relevant Industry Players
Table 105 : U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents
Table 106 : European Rare Earth-Related Patents
Table 107 : Japanese Rare Earth-Related Patents
Table 108 : U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, 2014
Table 109 : Rare Earths U.S. Patent Trends, 2012-2014
Table 110 : Assignees of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, 2014

List of Figures

Summary Figure : Global Market Volumes of Rare Earth Usage, by Industry, 2019-2023
Figure 1 : Rare Earths in the Periodic Table
Figure 2 : Number of Patents Granted to Chinese Companies versus Other Global Companies, 1986-2019
Figure 3 : Rare Earth Production Share, by Country, 2019
Figure 4 : Prices of the Major Rare Earth Oxides, 99% Purity, 1992-2003
Figure 5 : Prices of the Major Rare Earth Oxides, 99% Purity FOB, 2003-2011
Figure 6 : Global Consumption of Rare Earths, by Industry, 2019-2023
Figure 7 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths, by Industry, 2019
Figure 8 : Industry Shares of Overall Rare Earth Consumption, 2023
Figure 9 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths, by Element, 2019
Figure 10 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths, by Element, 2023
Figure 11 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths for Metallurgy, by Element, 2023
Figure 12 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths for Glass and Ceramics, by Element, 2023
Figure 13 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths for Electronics, Optics and Optoelectronics, by Element, 2023
Figure 14 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths in the Chemical Industry, by Element, 2023
Figure 15 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths in the Energy Sector, by Element, 2023
Figure 16 : Global Shares of the Consumption of Rare Earths in Other Sectors, by Element, 2023
Figure 17 : Global Shares of Rare Earth-Related Patents
Figure 18 : Shares of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Specialty
Figure 19 : Shares of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Key Company
Figure 20 : U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Key Company and Specialty Area
Figure 21 : European Shares of Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Specialty
Figure 22 : European Shares of Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Key Company
Figure 23 : European Shares of Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Key Company and Specialty Area
Figure 24 : Shares of Japanese Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Specialty
Figure 25 : Shares of Japanese Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Key Company
Figure 26 : Japanese Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Key Company and Specialty Area
Figure 27 : Trends in U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, 2012-2014
Figure 28 : Shares of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Region, 2014
Figure 29 : Shares of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Country, 2014
Figure 30 : Shares of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Category, 2014
Figure 31 : Shares of U.S. Patents on Applications of Rare Earths, 2014
Figure 32 : Shares of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Material Type, 2014
Figure 33 : Shares of U.S. Rare Earth-Related Patents, by Form of Use, 2014

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