3D Cell Cultures: Technologies and Global Markets

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
SCOPE OF REPORT
INTENDED AUDIENCE
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS
BCC CUSTOM RESEARCH
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS

CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY

NEW APPLICATIONS IDENTIFIED SINCE 2015 REPORT
CHANGES FROM 2015 REPORT
CHANGES FROM 2017 REPORT
NEW APPLICATIONS SINCE 2017
CHANGES SINCE 2017

CHAPTER 3 HIGHLIGHTS AND ISSUES

AN OPENING COMMENT ON AN AMAZING INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY ISSUES

• IN VITRO VERSUS IN VIVO
• DIMENSIONALITY
• THE RESEARCH CHAIN FOR 2D AND 3D CELL CULTURE
• BEST PRACTICES
• STANDARDIZATION
• REGULATION
• GENOMICS FORCING THE HAND OF THE FDA
• LEACHABLES AND EXTRACTABLES
• BROAD ISSUES
• RESEARCH TALENT SHORTAGES
• THE SHIFTING INTERNATIONAL PICTURE
• PACE AND DIVERSIFICATION OF INNOVATION
• A COMMENT ON THE ""OTHER"" AREAS OF CELL CULTURE
• OMICS EVERYWHERE
• IS 2020 A WATERSHED YEAR FOR THE CELL CULTURE INDUSTRY?

PRELIMINARY MARKET ANALYSIS

• CELL CULTURE MARKET GROWTH RATE ESTIMATES
• ASSESSING LARGE-SCALE MEDIA CONSUMPTION NEEDS
• MODELING FUTURE GROWTH IN BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
• BASE CASE FOR THE CELL CULTURE MARKET
• CHALLENGES IN PROJECTING SALES AND GROWTH
• CELL CULTURE MEDIA MARKET ESTIMATES
• CELL AND GENE THERAPY BIOPROCESSING SEGMENT
• EVALUATING MEDIA CONSUMPTION FOR BIOSIMILARS
• WHAT ABOUT CDMOS?
• MICROFLUIDICS
• BIOREACTORS
• INTERNAL CELL CULTURE RESOURCES
• DRUG DEVELOPMENT COSTS: WHAT TO BELIEVE?
• IS THERE TOO MUCH CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP IN BIOTECHNOLOGY?
• CHARACTERIZING INNOVATION IN 3D CELL CULTURE
• BIOPRINTING STRATEGIC ROADMAP
• IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE WORLD OF CELL CULTURE
• CLINICAL TRIALS ON COVID-19

CHAPTER 4 TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE: TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCT BACKGROUND

WHERE DID TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE START?
HISTORY AND EARLY APPLICATIONS

• INVENTION OF TISSUE CULTURE
• DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINED CELL LINES
• FIRST CELL CULTURE FLASK AND RIGOROUS TECHNIQUES
• LINDBERGH: THE CELL CULTURE EQUIPMENT PIONEER
• ESTABLISHING CONTINUOUS CELL LINES
• KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN EQUIPMENT

TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTS

• TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE INDUSTRY
• TISSUE

CELLS

• CELL TYPES
• TISSUE CULTURE AND CELL CULTURE DEFINITIONS
• CELL LINES
• CARE AND GROWTH OF CELL CULTURE SYSTEMS

CONSUMABLES

• MEDIA, SERA AND REAGENTS
• GELS AND SCAFFOLDS
• MICROPLATES/MICROTITER PLATES

EQUIPMENT

• BIOANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
• BIOANALYTICAL IMAGING
• BIOPRINTING
• BIOREACTORS
• OTHER EQUIPMENT FOR CELL CULTURE

ADHERENT APPROACHES

• TRADITIONAL ROLLER BOTTLES
• OTHER SYSTEMS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: SOFTWARE AND SERVICES FOR THE CELL CULTURE RESEARCH MARKET

• SOFTWARE FOR THE RESEARCH MARKET IN CELL CULTURE
• SOFTWARE-RELATED SUPPORT SERVICES

BIOPROCESSING CONSUMABLES FOR CELL CULTURE

• MICROCARRIERS FOR LARGE-SCALE 3D CULTURE
• SERA FOR LARGE-SCALE 3D CULTURE
• MEDIA FOR LARGE-SCALE 3D CULTURE
• BIOREACTOR BAGS FOR LARGE-SCALE 3D CULTURE
• OTHER

BIOPROCESSING EQUIPMENT

• ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT FOR BIOPROCESSING
• AUTOMATION SYSTEMS FOR BIOPROCESSING
• SUPPORT EQUIPMENT FOR BIOPROCESSING

ASPECTS OF LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND VACCINES

• SUSPENSION PROTEINS AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
• ADHERENT-CELL-BASED THERAPIES AND VACCINES

SMALL-SCALE ADHERENT TO MAKE SOMATIC CELLS, STEM CELLS AND TISSUES

• VACCINES
• VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AS A CATALYST
• VACCINES DEVELOPED USING HUMAN CELL STRAINS
• EXOSOME MANUFACTURING
• VIRAL VECTOR MANUFACTURING
• LENTIVIRUS MANUFACTURING
• PLASMID MANUFACTURING

CELL CULTURE END USERS

• PHARMA/BIOPHARMA
• UNIVERSITIES
• GOVERNMENT
• CROS/CDMOS
• OTHER

CELL CULTURE APPLICATIONS

• DRUG DISCOVERY
• CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
• TOXICOLOGY
• BASIC RESEARCH
• BIOPROCESSING DEVELOPMENT
• OTHER

REGIONAL MARKETS

• THE AMERICAS
• EUROPE
• ASIA-PACIFIC
• REST OF THE WORLD   

CHAPTER 5 ASSAYS, IMAGING AND ANALYSIS

ASSAYS

• ASSAY DEVELOPMENT FOR MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
• IN VITRO TESTING OF ADVENTITIOUS AGENTS
• ASSAYS AND ASSAY KITS
• CELL-BASED ASSAYS: OVERVIEW AND NEWER DEVELOPMENTS
• CELLS USED IN CELL-BASED ASSAYS
• NOTES ON 3D CELL-BASED ASSAYS
• KINETIC METABOLISM ASSAYS
• CELL PROLIFERATION
• VIABILITY AND CYTOTOXICITY
• PERMEABILITY ASSAYS FOR CELL VIABILITY AND SURVIVAL
• CELL INVASION
• CELL SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION
• CYTOSTATIC
• CELL DEATH ASSAYS

IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

• IMAGING ASSAYS
• FLUORESCENCE AS A DRIVER OF SCREENING

ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS USED IN TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE

• UNDERSTANDING ""CELLOMICS""
• HCS SUPPORT OF 3D CELL CULTURE
• NGS DISCOVERY POOLS
• MULTIPLEX ASSAYS

PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY

• NEURO SAFETY
• THE OMICS INVASION
• TRANSCRIPTOMICS

CHAPTER 6 REGULATION AND STANDARDIZATION

U.S. REGULATORY STATUS OF BIOPRINTED PRODUCTS

• BASIC GUIDANCE FOR THE REGULATION OF BIOLOGICS
• GUIDANCE FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
• GUIDANCE FOR XENOTRANSPLANTS
• GUIDANCE FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: EMERGENCY APPROVAL
• REGULATING BIOPRINTED PRODUCTS

CHAPTER 7 3D MODELS FOR CANCER

DISEASE MODELING

• CANCER
• MAIN CLASSES OF MODELS FOR RESEARCHING CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES
• CELL LINES
• SPHEROIDS AND ORGANOIDS
• GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOUSE MODEL (GEMM)
• PATIENT-DERIVED TUMOR XENOGRAFTS (PDXS)

OVERVIEW: CANCER AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL
IN VIVO (ANIMAL) TESTING STANDARD

• EMPIRE OF THE MOUSE
• HUMANIZED MICE
• 2D CULTURE

3D REQUIREMENTS

• CELL NUMBER AND VIABILITY
• MIGRATION AND INVASION
• UNMET NEEDS: ANGIOGENESIS AND IMMUNE SYSTEM EVASION

BENEFITS OF 3D MODELS TO CANCER RESEARCH

• GREATER DISTINCTION IN CELL MORPHOLOGY AND PROLIFERATION
• GREATER GENE EXPRESSION AND CELL BEHAVIOR
• BETTER MODELS OF CELL MIGRATION AND INVASION
• CELL HETEROGENEITY

BREAST CANCER AS A DRIVER OF 3D CULTURES

• STRUCTURE, POLARITY AND APOPTOSIS

MELANOMA AS A DRIVER OF 3D CULTURES

• MOVING TO SPHEROID CONFIGURATIONS

3D SYSTEMS IN CANCER RESEARCH

• MULTICELLULAR TUMOR SPHEROIDS
• MULTILAYERED CELL CULTURES

3D ENGINEERED SCAFFOLDS

• NATURAL MATERIALS
• SYNTHETIC MATERIALS

HUMAN CANCER MODEL INITIATIVE (HCMI)

• NEXT-GENERATION HUMAN CANCER MODELS

DRUG SENSITIVITY AND RESISTANCE

• ALTERED SIGNALING AND SENSITIVITY
• DRUG RESISTANCE

CELLULAR SIGNALING

• CELLULAR SIGNALING MEDIATED BY INTEGRINS

DRUG SCREENING

• APPROACHES AND ENDPOINTS
• SPHEROID APPLICATIONS
• METASTASIS VIA 3D CELL MIGRATION MODEL
• METASTASIS VIA LUNG-ON-CHIP

CANCER METABOLISM
FUTURE HORIZONS

• METASTASES
• COCULTURE
• VASCULARIZATION
• CANCER-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS
• CANCER STEM CELLS
• COMBINATION THERAPIES
• BIOLOGICS DEVELOPMENT
• TUMOR RECURRENCE

PATIENT-DERIVED CELLS

• PATIENT-DERIVED TUMOR XENOGRAFTS (PDXS)
• EVOLUTION OF PDX PLATFORMS

CHAPTER 8 LANDSCAPE FOR TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY TESTING

INTRODUCTION
LIVER
CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY
TOXICOLOGY BACKGROUND

• TESTING FOR ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE SKIN
• NEW ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES IMPACT ON 3D CELL CULTURE
• TOXICOLOGY TESTING IN COSMETICS
• UPDATED REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

EFFICACY OF COSMETICS AND COSMECEUTICALS
ASPECTS OF COSMETIC TOXICITY TESTING

• SKIN IRRITATION
• SKIN CORROSION
• PHOTOTOXICITY
• SKIN SENSITIZATION
• EYE IRRITATION
• ACUTE SYSTEMIC TOXICITY
• ACUTE TOXICITY TESTING
• CYTOTOXICITY ASSAYS FOR ACUTE TOXICITY TESTING
• CHRONIC AND REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY

CARCINOGENICITY AND GENOTOXICITY

• OVERVIEW
• IN VITRO METHODS: BACKGROUND AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
• REGULATORY VERSUS DRUG DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS
• EFFORTS TO REDUCE FALSE POSITIVES
• RECENT INNOVATIONS IN SCREENING
• FUTURE CHALLENGE: NON-GENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS

REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY

• BACKGROUND
• FOLLOWING THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
• DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE TOX TESTING TYPES
• ZEBRAFISH MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY SCREENING
• COMBINATION OF ZEBRAFISH AND STEM CELLS
• BIOMEDICAL FRONTIERS: MALE TESTIS

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR SCREENING

• BACKGROUND
• ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY IMPACTS IN VITRO METHODS
• HIGH-PRODUCTION VOLUME CHEMICALS
• TOXCAST AND TOX 21 INITIATIVES
• FUTURE CHALLENGE: THYROID DISRUPTION
• BG1 ASSAY

TOXICOKINETICS AND ADME
IN VITRO DEVELOPMENTS

• METABOLISM
• PHARMACOKINETICS OF LOW TURNOVER COMPOUNDS

ORGANOTYPIC MODELS

• 3D MODELS FOR SKIN
• 3D CORNEAL SYSTEM

ABSORPTION BARRIER MODELS

• GASTROINTESTINAL
• LUNG
• BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
• REAL ARCHITECTURE FOR 3D TISSUE BARRIERS AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

LIVER TOXICITY

• UNIQUENESS AND COMPLEXITY OF LIVER
• LIVER AS A KEY DRIVER FOR 3D INNOVATION
• IN VITRO LIVER APPLICATIONS
• IN VIVO LIVER FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE
• LIVER METABOLISM
• IN VITRO LIVER MODELS
• COCULTURES OF HEPATOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES
• 3D LIVER MODELS
• BIOPRINTED LIVER TISSUE
• DETECTED HEPATOSPHERE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONALITY
• IDEAL CRITERIA
• DRUG RESISTANCE
• TRANSPORTER STUDIES
• ACHIEVING HETEROTYPIC CELL-CELL CONTACTS
• UNMET NEEDS AND FUTURE DRIVERS OF INNOVATION
• MORPHOGEN SIGNALING
• MULTI-DONOR LIVER CELLS

KIDNEY TOXICITY APPLICATIONS

• FUTURE CHALLENGE: STEM-CELL DERIVED KIDNEY CELLS
• BIOPRINTED KIDNEY TISSUE

PANCREATIC TOXICOLOGY APPLICATIONS
CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY

• COMMERCIAL AVENUE
• COLLABORATION WITH REGULATORS
• CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG DISCOVERY
• MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS (MEAS) BASED ON IMPEDANCE
• SURROGATE FOR AORTIC RING ASSAY VIA BIOPRINTED MAGNETICS
• VASODILATOR ACTIVITY
• 3D ENGINEERED HEART TISSUES

CHAPTER 9 STEM CELL LANDSCAPE

A HISTORY OF STEM CELLS

• MAJOR AND MINOR RESEARCH AREAS FOR STEM CELLS

3D STEM CELL CULTURE SYSTEMS

• PLATE OR CULTURE DISH
• SPINNER FLASK AND ROTATING WALL VESSEL
• PERFUSION BIOREACTOR AND MICROCARRIER SYSTEMS
• SHORTCOMINGS
• MICROFLUIDICS AND STEM CELLS

SHORT REVIEW OF STEM CELL BIOLOGY

• EMBRYOGENESIS
• GROWTH, STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF STEM CELLS
• STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION
• STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION VERSUS PROLIFERATION
• EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND STEM CELLS
• SOLUBLE FACTORS
• MANUFACTURING STEM CELLS
• CONTROLLING EMBRYOID BODY FORMATION
• FORCED AGGREGATION CULTURES
• HANGING-DROP APPROACH

APPLICATIONS

• STEM CELL MARKERS FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING
• TERATOMAS AND THE TERATOMA ASSAY
• FUJIFILM (CELLULAR DYNAMICS INC.)

STEM CELL RESEARCH BREAKTHROUGHS
STEM CELLS FOR NEUROSCIENCE DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT

• EXAMPLE: ALZHEIMER'S RESEARCH
• BACKGROUND: B-AMYLOID CASCADE HYPOTHESIS
• HUMAN IPSC-DERIVED MODELS
• NEW 3D MODEL
• OTHER ADVANTAGES OF 3D
• ENVISIONED APPLICATIONS
• OTHER 3D NEURO APPLICATIONS

STEM CELLS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISCOVERY
STEM CELLS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

• BACKGROUND: ALLOGENIC VERSUS AUTOLOGOUS
• MICRORNAS
• INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (IPS)

CHAPTER 10 REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: ORGAN TRANSPLANTS AND SKIN SUBSTITUTES

REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

• NEED FOR ORGAN TRANSPLANTS
• APPLICATIONS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
• INVESTMENTS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

SKIN SUBSTITUTES INDUSTRY

• TISSUE CULTURE ALLOGRAFT AND AUTOGRAFT PRODUCTS

TISSUE ENGINEERING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

CHAPTER 11 COMPANY PROFILES

3D BIOPINTING SOLUTIONS
3D BIOTEK LLC
4D TECHNOLOGY
ABCAM
AKRON BIOTECHNOLOGY LLC
AMSBIO LLC
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES
ALPCO
APPLIKON BIOTECHNOLOGY
BECKMAN COULTER LIFE SCIENCES
BIOGELX LTD.
BIOINSPIRED SOLUTIONS
BIOTIME INC.
BIOVISION INC.
CELL APPLICATIONS INC.
CELLINK
CELLSPRING
CORNING LIFE SCIENCES
CYPROTEX PLC
CYTIVA
CYTOO SA
EMD MILLIPORE
EMULATE INC.
ENVISIONTEC INC.
EPITHELIX SARL
EUROFINS SAS
GREINER BIO-ONE
HAMILTON ROBOTICS
HUBRECHT ORGANOID TECHNOLOGY
HUREL CORP.
INSPHERO AG
INVITROCUE LTD.
KIYATEC INC.
LIFENET HEALTH
LOREM CYTORI
MATTEK CORP.
MIMETAS INC.
MITRA BIOTECH INC.
N3D BIOSCIENCES INC.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES (NCATS)
ORGANOVO
PANDORUM TECHNOLOGIES
PERKINELMER
PLASTICELL LTD.
PLURISTEM THERAPEUTICS, INC.
POIETIS SAS
PROMEGA CORP.
QUALYST TRANSPORTER SOLUTIONS LLC (SUBSIDIARY OF BIOIVT)
REGENHU LTD.
REGENOVO BIOTECHNOLOGY
SCREEN HOLDINGS CO. LTD.
SEAHORSE BIOSCIENCE
STEMCELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.
STRATATECH CORP.
SYNVIVO INC.
TAP BIOSYSTEMS
TECAN GROUP LTD.
TEVIDO BIODEVICES
THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC
ZEN-BIO INC.

LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 1 : DIMENSIONALITY OF CELL CULTURE
TABLE 2 : WHO R&D ROADMAP OF PRIORITY INFECTIOUS DISEASES
TABLE 3 : 3D BIOPRINTING ROADMAP
TABLE 4 : SELECTED ONLINE PRICES FOR BIOREACTORS
TABLE 5 : CURRENT CLINICAL TRIALS ON REMDESIVIR
TABLE 6 : TISSUE TYPES
TABLE 7 : CELL TYPES BASED ON DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGIN
TABLE 8 : LEADING CELL LINE SUPPLIERS, APRIL 2020
TABLE 9 : COMMONLY USED TRANSFORMED CELLS LINES
TABLE 10 : MAJOR PRIMARY CELL LINES
TABLE 11 : LEADING PRIMARY CELL SUPPLIERS, APRIL 2020
TABLE 12 : MAIN TYPES OF STEM CELLS
TABLE 13 : STEM CELL SERVICES
TABLE 14 : AREAS OF INTEREST IN 3D SPHEROID RESEARCH
TABLE 15 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE CONSUMABLES IN RESEARCH, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 16 : SELECTED NANOPARTICLE PRODUCTS USED IN LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH
TABLE 17 : RESULTS OF LIVER-CHIP DRUGS HALTED IN PREVIOUS CLINICAL TRIALS BASED ON ANIMAL STUDIES
TABLE 18 : COMPANIES AND UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED IN THE ORGAN-ON-A-CHIP INDUSTRY
TABLE 19 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE EQUIPMENT, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 20 : MICROFLUIDICS COMPANIES
TABLE 21 : SELECTED RECENT PATENTS ISSUED ON MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES RELATED TO CELL CULTURE APPLICATIONS
TABLE 22 : SELECTED PAPERS PUBLISHED ON RECENT MICROFLUIDIC ADVANCES IN CELL CULTURE
TABLE 23 : HIGH-CONTENT SCREENING SUPPLIERS AND KEY ATTRIBUTES, APRIL 2020
TABLE 24 : SELECTED PATENTS ISSUED RELATED TO FLOW CYTOMETERS
TABLE 25 : THERMO FISHER IMAGING PRODUCTS
TABLE 26 : PUBLICLY DISCLOSED FUNDING OF BIOPRINTING COMPANIES, 2017-2020*
TABLE 27 : BIOPRINTING COMPANY DEALS AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS, 2019 AND 2020
TABLE 28 : BIOPRINTING MODALITIES
TABLE 29 : MAINTAINING CELL VIABILITY DURING PRINTING
TABLE 30 : BIOPRINTING INSTRUMENT INDUSTRY
TABLE 31 : BIOMATERIAL COMPONENTS
TABLE 32 : BIOINK TYPES
TABLE 33 : CLASSES OF MATRIX BIOINK HYDROGELS
TABLE 34 : MATRIX BIOINK SELECTION CRITERIA
TABLE 35 : SELECTED BIOINK COMPANIES, 2020
TABLE 36 : PROJECTED UNIT SALES OF RESEARCH BIOREACTORS, <10 LITERS, 2020
TABLE 37 : LEADING BIOREACTOR SUPPLIERS, 2020
TABLE 38 : LABEL-FREE TECHNOLOGIES AND SUPPLIERS, APRIL 2020
TABLE 39 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR SOFTWARE AND SERVICES FOR CELL CULTURE RESEARCH, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 40 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOPROCESSING CONSUMABLES FOR CELL CULTURE, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 41 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE BIOPROCESSING EQUIPMENT, BY TYPE, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 42 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR SOFTWARE FOR CELL CULTURE IN BIOPROCESSING, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 43 : DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES FACING THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF EXOSOMES
TABLE 44 : COMPANIES WORKING ON EXOSOME PRODUCTS
TABLE 45 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE, BY END USER, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 46 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE, BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 47 : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE, BY REGION, THROUGH 2025
TABLE 48 : TYPICAL ASSAY ENDPOINTS AND TESTS
TABLE 49 : U.S. PATENTS ON ASSAYS SYSTEMS, 2019 AND 2020
TABLE 50 : SELECTED U.S. PATENTS ON ASSAY IMAGING, 2019 AND 2020
TABLE 51 : RECENTLY ISSUED U.S. PATENTS ON CELLOMICS, 2017-2019
TABLE 52 : TOXICOLOGY ISSUES THAT NEED TO BE ADDRESSED FOR FDA-REGULATED PRODUCTS
TABLE 53 : OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL REGULATION OF THE CELL CULTURE MARKETS
TABLE 54 : FDA LIST OF CELL, BIOLOGIC AND TISSUE PRODUCTS REGULATED UNDER CBER AND CDRH
TABLE 55 : FDA “TALKING POINT” RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE ADVANCED THERAPIES (RMATS)
TABLE 56 : U.S. REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS
TABLE 57 : MAIN TYPES OF MODELS FOR RESEARCHING CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES
TABLE 58 : GOALS OF FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT RFA-CA-19-055
TABLE 59 : COMMON 3D ASSAYS
TABLE 60 : 3D TUMOR MODELS DEVELOPED FOR DRUG DISCOVERY, JUNE 2017
TABLE 61 : SUMMARY OF THE BENEFITS AND ADVANTAGES OF EV3D
TABLE 62 : ECVAM LIST OF CURRENT ACTIVITIES, 2020
TABLE 63 : IN VITRO TESTING IN COSMETICS, BY TEST CLASS
TABLE 64 : IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSAYS IN THE TIER 1 SCREENING BATTERY, JANUARY 2014
TABLE 65 : TIMELINE OF KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN STEM CELL RESEARCH, 1978-2006
TABLE 66 : MAJOR AND MINOR RESEARCH AREAS IN STEM CELLS
TABLE 67 : STEM CELL USAGE IN RESEARCH
TABLE 68 : RECENT U.S. PATENTS GRANTED ON STEM CELL TECHNOLOGIES
TABLE 69 : PAPERS PUBLISHED ON SELECTED STEM CELL RESEARCH TRENDS
TABLE 70 : COMPARISON OF THE NUMBER OF CITATIONS IN THE LITERATURE ON CELL CULTURE VERSUS STEM CELL CULTURE
TABLE 71 : NUMBER OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS PERFORMED IN THE UNITED STATES, 2018 AND 2019
TABLE 72 : TOTAL GLOBAL FINANCING OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
TABLE 73 : TOTAL FINANCING OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, BY THERAPEUTIC AREA
TABLE 74 : LEADING TISSUE PRODUCTS AND SUPPLIERS, APRIL 2020
TABLE 75 : PRINTED TISSUE AND ORGANS: COMMERCIALIZATION TIMEFRAME
TABLE 76 : TISSUE/ORGAN COMPLEXITY
TABLE 77 : NEW BIOASSAY KITS INTRODUCED BY BIOVISION
TABLE 78 : PARTIAL LIST OF SPECIALTY MEDIA FORMULATIONS SOLD BY CELL APPLICATIONS INC.

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE : GLOBAL MARKET FOR CELL CULTURE, BY SEGMENT, 2020-2025
FIGURE 1 : RESEARCH CHAIN FOR CELL CULTURE
FIGURE 2 : A MODEL FOR THE EVOLUTION OF FDA REGULATION
FIGURE 3 : AN INNOVATION MATRIX
FIGURE 4 : BIOPRINTING STRATEGIC ROADMAP
FIGURE 5 : GASTROINTESTINAL ORGANOTYPE CULTURES
FIGURE 6 : ICELLIS NANOREACTOR: EXAMPLE OF COMMERCIAL 2D CELL CULTURE SYSTEMS
FIGURE 7 : PROTOTYPE OF 3D MODEL LUNG-ON-A-CHIP FROM WAKE FOREST
FIGURE 8 : RECENT PHOTOS OF THE HEPACHIP
FIGURE 9 : RECENT PHOTOS OF THE HEPACHIP-MWP
FIGURE 10 : UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO HANDHELD BIOPRINTING DEVICE
FIGURE 11 : COLLABORATIVE EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED BY AMERICAN, RUSSIAN AND ISRAELI SCIENTISTS
FIGURE 12 : SMART MARBLES CONCEPT FOR QUANTIFYING PROCESS HETEROGENEITY
FIGURE 13 : PORCINE INTESTINAL ORGANOIDS
FIGURE 14 : DIAGRAM OF THE COMPONENTS OF A PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY SYSTEM
FIGURE 15 : GLEASON’S PATTERN
FIGURE 16 : DIAGRAM OF PDXS, CELL LINES AND ORGANOID/SPHEROID XENOGRAFTS
FIGURE 17 : CELL HETEROGENEITY AND ITS FUNCTION
FIGURE 18 : ELECTRON MICROGRAPH OF POROUS MICROCARRIER FOR STEM CELL PRODUCTION
FIGURE 19 : PHOTOGRAPH OF APLIGRAF

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